An Introduction to Information Technology Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2685 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category IT Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Information Essay Did you like this example?   Introduction to Information Technology Law Table of Contents Introduction The Dispute Copyright infringement Definition of Fair Use What Did the Court Decide, and Why? Introduction Googles Library Project, a solution launched in 2004 allowing users to find relevant books easier. This project is also known as Google Book Search. In this project, Google partnered with several major libraries to include their collections in Google Books by scanning and categorizing the booking electronically. Google books, allowing users to perform full-text search through those scanned books. Million of books were scanned by Google which is still in copyright while Google did not obtain the copyright permission of those scanned books. Google books operated based on Googleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s search engine. The result will be displayed in an interface which full or partial book preview or some snippets or no preview at all. Google annoyed the plan to digitize books and make them available on Google Books in a rate of approximately 15 million volumes within a decade. However, Google did not obtain copyright permission while scanning millions of books that are still under copyri ght. This triggered controversy from some parties such as authors and publisher to challenged Google on digitizing Books which is in-copyright. In 2005, The Authors Guild and Association of American Publishers separately filed lawsuit against Google. The claim against Google is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"massive infringementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ on Copyright while the company failed to properly compensate authors and publishers. The group are seeking for injunction for Google to scan copyright books. Googles principal defense is fair use under 107 of the Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. 107.[1] In 2008, Google has reached a settlement agreement (The Amended Settlement Agreement (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The ASAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ )) with the parties. The proposed settlement was preliminarily approved by Judge John E. Sprizzo by order entered November 17, 2008.[2] Google was expecting in exchanging for the right to make millions of books available to the public. The Settlement Agreement was revised in 2009 in or der to take care of the feedback from rightsholders. March 2011: A federal judge Denny Chin rejects the settlement reached between the publishing industry and Google because the agreement is not fair, adequate, and reasonable,[3] for example, providing a monopoly environment to Google and implementing a forward-looking business arrangement. March 2012 Google reach settlement with publishers.[44] On May 31, 2012 Judge Chin issued an opinion on denying Googles motion to dismiss and granting the individual plaintiffs motion, from Authors Guild (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“AGà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) and the American Society of Media Photographers and other named photographersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ associations (collectively à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ASMPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ), for class certification. Authors Guild v. Google Inc. [4] in their separate suits against Google relating its scanning of books and the images they contain. In late 2013, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York ruled in Googleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s favor on summary judgment2 and held that Googleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions were fair use. This article provides a summary of the issues involved, the reasoning behind the decision and the takeaways from the case. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Introduction to Information Technology Law" essay for you Create order What is Copyright? Copyright legislation is part of the wider body of law known as intellectual property. [5] Industrial property and Copyrights are two branches of intellectual property rights while Industrial property such as patents protects inventions and copyright protects literary and artistic works.[6] As mentioned above, copyright is a form of an intellectual property. It is exclusive and assignable legal right grants the creator of an original work protecting works such as but not limited to text, artistic works, music, computer programs, sound recordings and films. The expression of copyright refers to the copying act of protected works may be made only with the authorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ authorization. [7] Hence, the copyright owners may prevent others from reproduction, distribution, rental and importation their work without their permission. Copyright can be grant to others in specific rights, for example the right for copying, a publisher may be allowed to copy the work after obtai ning a license from the author. There are few properties of copyrights: Copyright is grant to the author of the expression of the ideas as soon as it exists. In most of the countries, public registration for copyright protection is not necessary. Copyright is transferrable in full or partial form. The copyright owner is able to transfer the right to others, for example, license the copying rights to other. Unlike patents, copyright law protects only the form of expression of ideas; it does not protect ideas, concepts, styles or techniques. Copyright is separated from the property right, for example, owning a book does not grant you the copying right of the book. There are some limitations on the copyright rights. Under the law of the United States, certain categories of works are excluded from the copyright protection[8] The first sale doctrine Copyrighted work could be resell legitimately if the work is obtained legally licensed. That is the work is originally produced by or with the permission of copyright holder.[9] For example, resell of a copyrighted book which is produced in authorization of the author is legally allowed and does not infringe copyright. This first sales doctrine also subjected to some important conditions and exceptions under the Copyright Law of the United States of America Section 109(a). For example, rental of a music CD under the first sales doctrine is not allowed. Fair Use and fair dealing Copyright was subjected to a fair use limitation in some jurisdiction such as the United States. The doctrine of fair use was developed through a substantial number of court decisions over the years and has been codified in section 107 of the United States copyright law.[10] Under the doctrine of fair use, there are certain usage of copyright material are allowed legally. The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes The nature of the copyrighted work The amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole The effect of the use upon the potential market for, or value of, the copyrighted work Competition law / anti-trust law The Dispute of the Goole Books Case Copyright infringement In the Google Books Case, the main focus is on Gogglesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ act of massive digitizing in-copyright material without obtaining proper permission from the copyright owners. Definition of Fair Use But third, and most important, not every à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“copyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  violates copyright law. In particular, if a copy is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fair use,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  then copyright law has not been violated. The question in this case is thus, as always, is the copying for purposes of making snippet access available à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fair use.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  As much as you know that it is wrong to download music without the permission of the copyright owner, I hope you also know that it is right to make copies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  even without the permission of the copyright owner à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  when such copies are fair use Fair use basically means there are certain situations in which copying is excused under the Copyright Laws. The Fair Use Doctrine is codified in 17 U.S.C. 107 (the Copyright Act), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include: 1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; 2) the nature of the copyrighted work; 3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and 4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Classic examples of situations where the Fair Use Doctrine has applied include: news reporters copying portions of a work for purposes of news reporting and criticism;[11] The Amended Settlement Agreement In October 2008, the Amended Settlement Agreement (ASA) is a 166 pages document with the core value of allowing public access to millions of out-of-print books registered in the U.S. Copyright Office. With ASA, Google will able to (1) continue to digitize Books and Inserts, (2) sell subscriptions to an electronic Books database, (3) sell online access to individual Books, (4) sell advertising on pages from Books, and (5) make certain other prescribed uses.[12] The scope of the settlement was limited to books that were either registered with the U.S. Copyright Office or published in the U.K., Australia, or Canada, which share a common legal heritage and similar book industry practices. [13] Under this settlement, Google will establish a standalone, not-for-profit Book Rights Registry to maintain a database of rightsholders in order to locate the rightsholders and administer distributions of revenues.[14] 63% of all revenues of retailing access to the out-of-print books will be distributed to the rightsholders in accordance with a Plan of Allocation and Author-Publisher Procedures, while retailers will keep the majority of the remaining 37%.[15] For Unclaimed Works, an Unclaimed Works Fiduciary will be setup to represent the interest with respect to[16]. The fund will be hold on behalf of the rightsholders by Book Rights Registry. After five years, the accumulated fund will be used to locate the rightsholders. After 10 years, the Registry may ask the court to distribute those funds for non-profit use for the reading public. For books inserted before May 5, 2009, Google will pay $45 million into a Settlement Fund to make Cash Payments to rightsholders,[17] at minimum $60 per Principal Work, $15 per Entire Insert, and $5 per Partial Insert and maximum $300 per Principal Work, $75 per Entire Insert, and $25 per Partial Insert, depends on the amount of eligible claims. The ASA classified in-print (Commercially Available) and out-of-print (not Commerc ially Available) Books.[18] Under the ASA, Google are allowed to make only non-display use of the in-print books unless an explicit authorization was grant by the Booksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rightsholders. Google are allowed to display out-of-print books but the rightsholders may instruct Google to stop it. If the above settlement was success, it will benefit the society in: Allowing the public, such as students, scholars, and readers to search, preview, and purchase online access to of in-copyright, out-of-print books. Create a channel for authors and publishers to sell their copyrighted works Create an independent, not-for-profit Book Rights Registry that will locate and represent rightsholders, making it easier for everyone to license works; [19] Allowing the public for free, full-text, online viewing of millions of out-of-print books at designated computers in U.S. public and university libraries; and[20] Enable unprecedented access to the written literary record for people who are visually impaired. [21] There are approximately 500 filed submissions, in majority objections to ASA. According to the opinion of case The Authors Guild et al. vs. Google Inc.[22] There are 7 main objections to ASA. Adequacy of Class Notice Inadequate notice was given to certain class members of the original settlement ASA such as Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, Inc., the American Society of Journalists and Authors, Inc., and certain foreign publisher and authors associations object to the adequacy of notice.[23] Adequacy of Class Representation[24] Certain objectors object to the ASA because their interests are odds with the interest of the representative plaintiffs. The adequacy of representation inquiry considers whether à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“1) plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interests are antagonistic to the interest of other members of the class and 2) plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attorneys are qualified, experienced and able to conduct the litigation.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [25] The court concluded there is a substantial question on the existence of antagonistic interests between named plaintiffs and certain members of the class.[26] Scope of Relief Under Rule 23 The ASA consists two distinct parts. The first part is a settlement of past copyright infringement while the second part is transferred to Google certain rights in exchange for future and ongoing arruangements.[27] This is in result releasing Google from liability for certain future acts. Certain objectors were objecting to this à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“forward-looking business arrangementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in a reason that the relief goes beyond the dispute before the court in this litigation.[28] Copyright Concerns Certain objectors point out that the ASA pertaining to orphan works would result in the involuntary transfer of copyrights in violation of the Copyright Act, as copyrighted works would be licensed without the owners consent.[29] Antitrust Concerns Certain objectors object the ASA because it violates the Sherman Act in certain pricing mechanisms on the ASA. The ASA allowing Google on scanning books, especially orphan books, would also allow Google a monopoly over digital books and, hence, entrench Googles dominant position in the online search business. [30] Privacy Concerns Certain objectors contend that the ASA raises significant privacy issues.[31] By digitalizing books, Google collected huge amount of information including private information about identifiable users.[32] The protection of the use of those information is not adequate.[33] International Law Concerns Since scope of ASA was limited to books register with the U.S. Copyright Several foreign authors and entities contend that the ASA would violate international law by assuming the right of foreign rightsholders are not covered and by favouring rightsholders from certain nations.[34] On March 22, 2011, Judge Denny Chin handed down his Order rejecting the proposed settlement agreement (the ASA) between The Authorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Guild et al. and Google. He explicitly said that the ASA is not fair, adequate, and reasonable. [35] Te court would like to leave this matter to the Congress as the decision is 1) establishment of a mechanism for exploiting unclaimed books; 2) The notion that a court-approved settlement agreement can release individual rights owners who have not voluntarily consented to transfer is a troubling one; 3) ASA is violating the international principles and treaties. What Did the Court Decide, and Why? On summary judgment, Judge Denny Chin considered a variety of factors, and ultimately concluded that Googleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions were fair use. Reference Increasing Access to Books: The Google Books Settlement: https://sites.google.com/a/pressatgoogle.com/googlebookssettlement/home Fair use the Google Books project[36] The Google Books decision: The Authors Guild v Google Inc[37] 1 | Page [1] Case 1:05-cv-08136-DC Document 1088 Filed 11/14/13 [2] 05 CIV 8136, The Authors Guild et al. vs. Google Inc., United States District Court, see also: ECF No. 64 [3] 05 CIV 8136, The Authors Guild et al. vs. Google Inc., United States District Court, page 45 [4] I.d., page 14, see also: 282 F.R.D. 384 (S.D.N.Y. 2012) [5] Understanding Copyright and Related Rights, WIPO Publication No. 909(E), ISBN 978-92-805-1265-6, page 4 [6] Understanding Copyright and Related Rights, WIPO Publication No. 909(E), ISBN 978-92-805-1265-6, page 4 [7] Understanding Copyright and Related Rights, WIPO Publication No. 909(E), ISBN 978-92-805-1265-6, page 4 [8] Understanding Copyright and Related Rights, WIPO Publication No. 909(E), ISBN 978-92-805-1265-6, page 5 [9] Copyright à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright [10] FL-102, Reviewed June 2012, U.S. Copyright Office, https://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html [11] See, e.g., Religious Technology Center v. Pagliarina, 908 F.Supp. 1353 (E.D. Va. 1995) (the Washington Post newspaper quoted brief portions of Church of Scientology texts in an article, and its use was deemed a fair use); and Italian Book Corp. v. American Broadcasting Co., 458 F.Supp. 65 (S.D.N.Y. 1978) (a television film crew covering a festival recorded a band playing a portion of a copyrighted song, and the film was replayed during the news broadcast à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  the unauthorized reproduction of the song portion in this case was deemed fair use). [12] The Revised Google Books Settlement Agreement, 3.1, 4.1-4.8; see also ASA 1.149, https://6c01e33b-a-7d83507a-s-sites.googlegroups.com/a/pressatgoogle.com/googlebookssettlement/revised-settlement/SettlementModificationsOverview.pdf?attachauth=ANoY7crqyX4nDlCchCcwFrUopGM-s65QJxsvvsxfWPwKMU4g0QLQko_j0PPkna-fXc7cJWK17tH97EeV9R5W-9458ZFK_12mosgClUMJVt1ZarH9g5gM0FVHqcIJ2seGQMIBxnl0ng45vO8E60ZrKHdkuKxb6uE-8tVX58ccaYck3VT0nL53iIM0bcsbcxG05HOUJssaDcrgJ7HvNdIzqssM Ro9VpT5tPFJ4MbFjRLTh7N-xpirYH3HNjzipjGLF8uMwadZGVT0i6Wt5Z5wVXQmZzNrdFlPcSoID0R1LLPpE6mxZUtZ4E%3Dattredirects=0 [13] I.d. [14] I.d., 6.1(b) [15] I.d., 2.1-2.4, 4.5, 5.4, [16] I.d., 3.2(e)(i), 3.3, 3.10, 4.2(c)(i), 4.3, 4.5(b)(ii), 4.7, 6.2(b)(ii) [17] I.d., 2.1(b), 13.4; [18] I.d., 1.31, 3.2, 3.3 [19] I.d., 6.1(b) [20] Id. [21] Id. [22] 05 CIV 8136, The Authors Guild et al. vs. Google Inc., United States District Court [23] I.d., Page 11 [24] I.d., Page 11 [25] I.d., page 20 [26] I.d., page 20 [27] I.d., page 21 [28] I.d., page 12, see also 17 U.S.C. 201(e) [29] I.d., page 21 [30] I.d., page 13 [31] I.d., page 12 [32] I.d., page 12 [33] I.d., page 12 [34] I.d., page 12 [35] I.d., page 45 [36] C.L.S. Rev. 2014, 30(1), 86 [37] E.I.P.R. 2011, 33(8), 531-536

The Enron Scandal And Its Impact On The Business World

Ethics in the business world can often times become a second priority behind the gaining of profits and success as a company. This is the controversial issue that led to the Enron scandal and ultimately the fall of this company. Enron Corporation was an energy company, and in the peaks of their success, they were the top supplier of natural gas and electricity throughout America. Enron Corporation came about from a merger between Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. Houston Natural Gas was a gas providing company formed in Houston during the 1920’s. InterNorth was a company formed in Nebraska during the 1930’s and owned one of America’s largest pipeline networks. In 1985, Sam Segnar, the CEO of InterNorth bought out Houston Natural Gas for $2.4 billion. A year later in 1986, Segnar retired and was replaced by Kenneth Lay, who renamed the company and created Enron. Enron was the owner of the second largest pipeline in America that measured over 36,000 miles. 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The Ethics for IT professionals

Question: What are The Ethics for IT professionals? Answer: Introduction The more important information technology is getting to our lives, the more ethical challenges it is facing. As the market of information technology is emerging, the experts of information technology are afraid of the fact that how they are going to face these challenges. Nowadays, information technology is facing many ethical challenges that are: lack of privacy, security, copyright issues and hacking. The ethical issues prevailing in the market have stimulated the criminals for exploiting the users based on the loopholes left in these technologies. As information technology is speeding the access and information flow, many of the organizations are coming at risk of losing their secured data because of criminals who can easily tap in their situations for personal usage. Unfaithful employees can utilize information technology for achieving their goals that might harm the company. In this report, we will be discussing the ethical issue faced by people and organization in the face of h acking(Chang, 2004). Hacking and Hackers According to Sukhai (2004), Hackers are the people that break into and hacks into anyones system for their personal benefit. The terminology of hacking is considered as critical, for many reasons, like the wish of damaging the system or the wish for understanding how the system works, for making their money. In addition to it, the hackers might have the desire of alerting people towards the fact that system is insecure and requires improvement. Because of this, some people argue that there might be cases, which we can consider as hackers ethics(Pashel, 2006). The concept of hacking is better understood by saying that victims feel that someone is sitting behind their computer and is noticing every single activity they do on their electronic device. It will not be wrong, if we will say that hackers are criminals and make individuals and companies lose their time and money (Sukhai, 2004). Implications of ethical issues for people and for technological practices Individuals According to the research of Palmer (2001), hacking results into loss of data because of files being deleted. Information of customer and information of order can be stolen and deleted. Sometimes, the hackers can post information from the government organization online, which can cause unrest. An individual can lose his savings to an unknown person and can even notice changes in their financial figures because of the hacking theft. Often we see in newspapers that customers are getting angry because their financial information gets hacked and because of that, they lose their savings. A virus was considered the major challenge in the history of risks of a computer, but at present virus is a secondary issue as hacking has gained popularity. Hackers use tricks for getting the secret information of the users and thereafter they use such information for their personal benefits (Palmer, 2001). Organizations Pashel (2006) feels that when the hackers gain access for computer, they can view everything on the computer. There is a risk of losing much more than money as most of our information has moved online nowadays. The implication for organizations may be devastating. Hackers can easily affect the performance of other employees by hacking their computers and making their speed slow. Such practice can affect the performance of employee being targeted. On a large scale, hackers can hack secret information of company for their personal benefit. Such loss to the company can affect its brand image and financial conditions. Implications As criminal activities of hackers are increasing in todays era, so it would be advisable to the individuals and companies to use some software that can prevent their electronic devices being hacked. Organizations can hire security experts in their organization for making them aware of the security thefts and preventing the secured data of company from being hacked. In simple words, it can be said that companies have to secure their data with the help of security experts and software for fighting the hackers and their criminal activities. Simple software and a virus detector will not be sufficient for the organization to fight against hackers(EY, 2013). Conclusion It is quite evident from the information discussed above that hacking is a critical ethical issue faced by information technology professionals nowadays. Nowadays anyone can easily hack the digital device, by the usage of advanced technologies in market and web enabled devices. Until and unless more regulations will be placed for stopping these digital criminal activities, people are going to face ethical issues around the world and these issues will rise day by day. References Chang, J. V. (2004). Computer Hacking: Making the Case for a National Reporting Requirement. The Berkman Center for Internet Society Research Publication Series.(2013). Cyber hacking and information security: mining and metals. Global Information Security Survey. Palmer, C. C. (2001). Ethical hacking. IBM Systems Journal, 40. Pashel, B. A. (2006). Teaching Students to Hack: Ethical Implications in Teaching Students to Hack at the University Level . InfoSecCD Conference. Sukhai, N. B. (2004). Hacking And Cybercrime . InfoSecCD Conference.

Pride and Prejudice Film Critical Analysis

Pride and Prejudice, directed by Joe Wright, is a 2005 movie adapted from Jane Austen’s classic tale bearing the same name. The movie, rated PG for some mild thematic elements, was produced by a British film production company called Working Title Films and written by Deborah Moggach. It has a running time of one hundred and twenty-eight minutes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pride and Prejudice Film Critical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The romantic film was released in September 2005 in the United Kingdom and two months later in the United States. Some of the main characters in the film include Keira Knightley (Elizabeth Bennet), Mathew Macfadyen (Mr. Darcy), Talulah Riley (Mary Bennet), and Brenda Blethyn (Mrs. Bennet). Although the film version is short, it is persuasive, witty, powerful, and entertaining that makes it to be far superior to the novel. The movie illustrates the lives of t he Bennet sisters. They consist of five young women who are looking for suitable husbands. Their overbearing mother aids them in this process. However, the father seems to be unaware of the unfolding drama. Elizabeth, the second of the five sisters, prevails in the movie. The main plot of the story depicts the relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy who is the affluent owner of the pompous family estate of Permberley in Derbyshire (Austen, 2009). As the movie begins, they seem not to be attracted to one another. However, as the story continues, circumstances compel them to scrutinize their hearts and their notions about one another, so as to dig out the truth about their lives. In addition, there is also a parallel love story between Elizabeth’s older sister, Jane (Rosamund Pike) and the amiable Mr. Charles Bingley (Simon Woods). The story as well follows the rejection of marriage proposal made to Elizabeth by a detestable emotional clergyman known as Mr. Wil liam Collins (Tom Hollander). The underground illicit activities of the open and bighearted Mr. George Wickham (Rupert Friend) are also revealed. The Bennets are anticipating the coming of Mr. Bingley, an affluent bachelor who recently moved to a house in their neighborhood. Mrs. Bennett is busy strategizing on how to let one of her daughters to get married to this rich neighbor, without his knowledge. Jane and Mr. Bingley seem to be attracted to each other. However, Elizabeth seems to take an immediate dislike to Mr. Darcy, Mr. Bingley’s reserved friend. Mr. Darcy is the kind of a person who does not like to relate to people who are not of his status in the society. And since the Bennets were not very rich, Darcy coldly rebuffed Jane’s attempts to talk to him. Thereafter, Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy unexpectedly return to London leaving the Bennet family astonished at what happened of the love between Bingley and Jane (Moler, 1989).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since Mr. Bennet does not have a son, Mr. Collins, the cousin of the five sisters, is the probable heir to the family’s estate because of his close kinship to the family. When Elizabeth refuses her proposal, her father welcomes the idea but her mother does not. Collins ends up marrying Charlotte Lucas (Claudie Blakley), who is a good friend to Elizabeth. Charlotte married him to gain financial security. In the midst of the journeys between London and Derbyshire, the viewers are introduced to the influence of Mr. Wickham, an old friend of Darcy from childhood. Superficially charming, he convincingly talked to Elizabeth concerning several distorted tales about Darcy. From here on, things start to take a drastic turn. Viewers witness the fall and rise of Mr. Darcy. The fall of the Bennet family is also depicted when Lydia Bennet (Jena Malone), the youngest in the family, elopes wi th Mr. Wickham. However, it seems that this marriage is not founded in love. As the story ends, despite the difficulties, Jane and Mr. Bingley are engaged. In addition, Elizabeth accepts Darcy’s second proposal. Many changes are often done to literary works when they are adapted into a movie (Geraghty, 2008). Pride Prejudice is no exception as a number of notable changes from the original novel are evident throughout the movie. To begin with, the movie was compressed into one hundred and twenty-eight minutes that significantly reduced the time for several major sequences. For example, Elizabeth’s visit to several places such as the Rosings Park and Pemberley were not adequately covered. The filmmakers also did not include several supporting characters. Some of them are Louisa Hurst, Mr. and Mrs. Phillips, and a number of friends of the Bennett family. Numerous sections whereby the characters talk about experiences, which had already taken place, are also emitted in th e film version. For instance, the chapter describing Elizabeth’s change of perspective after receiving the love letter from Darcy. This may be the only weakness in the movie. Any person who has read Austen knows that possibly her greatest strength rests in her use of supporting characters and detailed explanations of events. Abbreviating some sections fails to convey this richness in her writing. In as much as there is a lot of sacrifice in adapting the book into a two-hour film, the pacing issue in the film makes some scenes to suddenly rush forward and fail to depict Austen’s intentions in writing the novel. Wright and his screenwriter, Moggach, modified numerous scenes to more loving environment than the ones in the novel, for example, in the movie, Darcy first gives his proposal outside in a rainstorm near a beautiful lake, while in the novel, this scene occurs inside a church house.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pride and Prejudice Film Cr itical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the movie, in another attempt to engage Elizabeth, Darcy proposes to her on the misty moors in the early morning, while in the novel, the scene takes place when both of them are strolling down a country lane during the day. In the United States version of the movie, the last scene depicts the newly married Darcys having a good time outside their home in Pemberley. However, this additional final scene is absent in the book. This romantic ending received a hostile reception in the United Kingdom; therefore, it was secluded for the country and international audience. The UK film version culminates with Mr. Bennet giving Elizabeth and Darcy his blessings on their relationship. This circumvents the last chapter in the book. The book ends by summing up the lives of the main characters in the story over the next numerous years. The tone of the movie differs from that of the novel. As the mo vie starts, the director and the screenwriter fail to include the author’s well-known, cunningly satirical, aphoristic opening line. This instant shift in tone continues all through the whole movie. The filmmakers placed more emphasis on romance. However, the author of the novel intended to portray the morals and the mores of a marriage relationship. As pointed out above, several important scenes are shifted from the drawing room to the countryside. This complements and strengthens the teeming passions of the characters. Perhaps, the secret weapon for the movie’s success lies in its romantic aspect. On the other hand, Austen did not portray this in the novel. The cinematographer, Roman Osin, also did a good job in capturing the film’s skillfully designed surface. The old saying ‘beauty is only skin deep’ depicts the outstanding cinematography in the film. As the director made full use of the spectacular scenery of England’s countryside, the c inematographer did his best in bringing the correct mood to every shot, whether it is warm, broad daylight, chill, or spring morning. The filmmakers used attractive scenes in order to allow the moviegoer to lose himself or herself in his or her engagement with the film’s captivating performers. The making of such an elegant and captivating world is likely to charm many viewers. Credit goes to the director of the film for casting performers closer in age than the ones in the novel. However, there are some weaknesses in the characters in the film. Although the actors are handsome and talented, in some places, they fall short of hooking up with the audience. Austen’s classic novel has an emotional pull that the movie fails to portray to the audience. Some parts are too cold and distant. It is as if the characters were deriving their cue from the brooding personality of Darcy. The movie’s older generation of actors achieved a higher caliber of performances.Advertisi ng Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Donald Sutherland, Dame Judi Dench and Brenda Blethyn headlined these veteran actors in providing the film’s best moments. Brenda Blethyn understands the significance of the quandary facing his family, but simultaneously he only wants his children to get the best husbands. The hen-pecked, world-weary Sutherland prevails in each scene he is in with his laconic dry sense of humor. This contrasts Blethyn’s restless, one-track minded display of character. On the hand, the younger group, did not portray an engaging performance as did their more senior counterparts. For example, Austen portrays Darcy to be unapproachable; however, in the film, Macfadyen treats him so unfriendly that he fails to give an engaging performance. Darcy is less engaged in the activities that are taking place such that Elizabeth’s attraction to him is difficult to explain. The Bennet sisters are not convincing as siblings since none of them looks alike with the other and their interactions wi th one another fail to sell the bond of sisterhood. Elizabeth seems to be the only one who is full of life. The supposed relationship between Jane and Bingley seems to be existing in the films so as to maintain the same running joke. The relationship is underplayed and it lacks chemistry. It is difficult for someone to believe that the two are in love, except by closely scrutinizing the characters as the story develops. The incarnation of Pride and Prejudice makes it to be occasional anachronistic. For example, there are moments when the performers portray very modern habits that are different from the time it is set. A number of the women characters are especially liable to instances of defiance and vivacity. This is a common behavior of women in our own age than of people in the early nineteenth century. However, the filmmakers intended to make the performers to be more approachable to the viewers of this age with these mannerisms. Besides the weaknesses that exist in the film, it is very intriguing. In addition to its great story outline, the five star characters did an excellent job. The soundtrack as well as the costumes used portrays the setting of the 1813 classic by Austen. The film is best suited for persons aged sixteen and above, especially those who adore stories concerning love, disloyalty, guilt, and desire. The adaptation of Pride and Prejudice is a demonstrative confirmation against any protests to the perpetual significance of Austen’s beloved classic of behavior, relationship, and riches. The movie opens up and unfurls Austen’s tightly drawn work of literature. In this manner, the actors are able to breathe and move about. This could not have been possible in a slavish version. One feels to be alive in the movie as there is a pulsating vitality, which is usually so distinct that it diverts from the story. However, this diversion is not detrimental to the story. Yes, it is evident that several changes have been made from the orig inal text. Some subplots have been grouped together, significant exchanges taken to unusual locales, new scenes incorporated and others taken away completely. The filmmakers also changed the overall thematic emphasis of the story. However, the movie is persuasive, witty, powerful, and entertaining that makes it to be far superior to the novel. References Austen, J., 2009. Pride and prejudice. New York: Feather Trail Press. Geraghty, C., 2008. Now a major motion picture : film adaptations of literature and  drama. Lanham, Md.: Rowman Littlefield. Moler, K. L., 1989. Pride and prejudice : a study in artistic economy. Boston: Twayne Publishers. This essay on Pride and Prejudice Film Critical Analysis was written and submitted by user Bennett Carver to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.