Influence of Tv Violence to the Behavior Essay Example for Free

Influence of Tv Violence to the Behavior Essay Thus, the influence of TV violence to the children particularly in the Cebu can cause negative changes in their behavior. An experiment shows that children when exposed to televised violence, exhibited the aggressive behavior they have observed – hitting, kicking and using hostile language. Prior to that time, the prevailing theory was that televised violence drained aggressive impulses. This is also the reason why television has become a growing source of parental anxiety where parents worry about the amount and kinds of program their children watch. This study aims to talk about TV violence and its effects on the behavior of the children and the ways to handle it. In order to achieve this goal, this paper is organized into three sections. The first section helps us know about the children’s understanding of television. The second section discusses the influence and effects of TV violence to the behavior of Filipino children which is the main concern of this study. And the third section offers suggestions in handling and regulating TV violence. Chapter II Presentation of Data Children’s Understanding of TV According to research, before age seven, children have difficulty integrating separate scenes into a continuous story line. Instead, they treat each scene as an isolated incident and are unable to relate a TV characters behavior to its prior motives and eventual consequences. Thus, young children cannot see the connection between violence and its consequences if the perpetrator of violence gets to be punished only at the end of the program. Studies show that young children recall little information that is central to the plot of a story. Their difficulty ranges from their inability to differentiate what is essential to the plot and what is nonessential. Character actions, especially those showing physical actions and confrontations, are remembered better than scenes offering explanations for their actions. Children find it hard to recall scenes recounting inner feelings that explain previous events. Young children also have a hard time distinguishing make-believe from reality. A five-year-old child wondered why an actor who died in one TV program came back to life in another show; and if Superman can fly, why cant he (the child) even if he wears a Superman cape. Children observe that cartoon characters manage to recover from severe violent acts almost immediately. This kind of exposure could lead them to interpret that in real life, people who are victims of violent acts do not really get hurt at all. A conversation between an author and a six-year-old clearly illustrates the kind of message a child gets from a cartoon program: Why is GI Joe your favorite show? Because it has a lot of fighting. Who would you like to be like when you grow up? I want to be like Rambo because he has a big gun. What happens to the bad guys you shoot? They die. And what happens to you? Nothing. Young children who watch a lot of television tend to believe that it is all right to hit someone if one is angry and have a good reason. (Source: http://www. childprotection. org. ph) Influence and Effects of TV Violence Upon meeting Snow White at Disneyland, a preschooler said to her, Youre not Snow White, you know. Why do you say that? asked Snow White. Well, th e child replied, if you were real, youd be a cartoon. And this is how powerful the media is in shaping childrens images of reality. (http://www. stanford. edu/dept/bingschool/research_dsl_1999bandura. html) The Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 4 Child psychologists point out that it is a misconception to consider cartoons as harmless just because they are funny. The theme of cartoons such as Popeye is that any problem can be solved by brute force which one acquires by eating spinach. In being funny and fast paced, cartoons may tend to reduce a childs perception of danger, pain, and suffering. TV violence can produce at least four effects. First, it teaches aggressive styles of conduct. Second, it weakens restraints against aggression by glamorizing violence. When good triumphs over evil violently, viewers are even more strongly influenced. Third, it habituates and desensitizes reactions to cruelty. And finally, it shapes our images of reality; for example, only 10% of major crimes in society are violent, but on TV, 77% of major crimes are violent, which has the effect of making people more fearful of becoming crime victims. Psychologist have speculated that watching televised violence might be emotionally arousing, making it more likely that viewers will react violently to frustrations in the environment. Televised violence might also provide models that viewers imitate, particularly if the violence is carried out by attractive, powerful models (Bernstein, et al, 284). The Social Learning Theory considers that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modeling. The ten-year old boy, Sergio Pelico who died after watching Saddam’s execution in TV must have imitated it. (Lucas, et al, 103) This theory together with other theories was used to explain a great many social problems such as crime, suicide, divorce and alcoholism. Furthermore, there are some people who could easily be influenced by propaganda and they would through themselves into new mass organizations in an effort to find some sense of belongingness. Stark, 21) The mass media especially the television, also contributes heavily to adolescent nonconformity in three ways. First, they stereotype all adolescents whose grooming and clothing do not reflect approved adult standards as nonconformists and attribute the behavior characteristic of nonconformity to them. If society labels its adolescents as â€Å"teen-agers† and expe cts them to be rebellious, unpredictable, sloppy, and wild in their behavior, and if the picture is repeatedly reinforced by the mass media such cultural expectations may very well force adolescents into the role of rebel. The mass media contribute to adolescent nonconformity by making real life appear unsatisfying and dull. (Hurlock, 124) A survey was conducted concerning the influence and effects of TV violence to the behavior of the children in Cebu City. The survey aims to know how children are linked to television and how it affects them and their parents. The results of the survey are shown on the next pages. . Survey results The percentage of the parents’ answers based on the following questions: Question # 1: Does your child love to watch suspense movies that involve killing? Question # 2: Does your child watch television for more than 8 hours? The Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 7 Question # 3: Are you worried about the kinds of television program that they watch? Question #4: Have you noticed any negative changes in your child’s behavior after watching television? The Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 8 Question #5: Does your child spend more time watching television than other necessary things like studying? Question # 6: Do they pay more attention to the television than to you? The Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 9 The survey shows that most children pay more attention to the television than to their parents. A mother even commented, â€Å"Maayo pa sauna nga wala pay TV kay ang mga bata buotan† (It was better before the television came because children are still kind and obedient). Most children that are 8-12 years old spend more time in front the TV than doing other necessary things like studying. And what’s the bad thing is that if children are used to watching television, they will be exposed to violence that might influence their behavior. Although not all children are watching television for more than 8 hours, the effects of television are still prone to children. Some parents even admitted that they have observed some negative changes in their child’s behavior after watching a television show that has some bad scenes in it since children tend to imitate the things they have seen from the show without knowing that it might be wrong. Several scholars have pointed out that as media content has increased in violence in the past few decades, violent crimes among youth have declined rapidly. Although most scholars caution that this decline cannot be attributed to a causal effect, they conclude that this observation argues against causal harmful effects for media violence. Regulating TV Violence Parents worry about the kinds of television programs that their children watch. The urgency and seriousness of this issue on media violence has reached global proportions. A worldwide concern has prompted parents, educators, advocacy groups, and mental health professionals to launch protest activities and public discussions on how children can be protected against harmful media influences. Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 10 A number of bills were filed to mitigate the negative effects of televised violence. House Bill 19183 proposes a ratings system for TV programs. House Bill 10183 provides that cartoons featuring violence and unethical conduct should be aired only during times when young children are not usually watching. The Kapisanan ng Mga Brodkaster sa Pilipinas has its code and internal guidelines. Relevant sections pertaining to responsibility towards children are: Childrens programs shall not present violence, whether physical or psychological, as a means to resolve conflicts and problems. Childrens programs shall not emphasize perverted sex and undue violence. Penalties have been stipulated for violations of these rules. These include fines ranging from P5, 000 to P15, 000, suspension of KBP privileges, expulsion from KBP membership, to recommendation to the National Telecommunications Commission for suspension of station lease for the fourth offense. Consequently, The Department of Education are monitoring television channels through a project aimed at reducing violent content that might be watched by children. The campaign involves TV shows between 6 a. m. and 10 a. m. , which the DepEd claims to be the period where more children watch TV. Their goal is to have stations comply by reducing violent or vulgar shows by as much as 20 percent. The campaign also encourages parents and concerned citizens to send reports or file complaints to NCCT regarding TV shows that may be harmful for children. Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 11 Television is not merely bad since it is used as a means of communication and as a means of educating but what makes it wrong is the way people abuse its use and the way some of them used television to expose violent actions without even thinking how it could affect the viewers. The effects of TV violence are no doubt harmful especially to children. These may cause negative changes in their behavior one of which is being aggressive. That is why children should be guided by their parents or guardians so that will not be influenced by the words they hear and the things they see. When viewing together, they can discuss how the conflict could have been solved without the violence. They should explain to the child how violence in entertainment is faked and not real. Such interventions, whether at the personal or family level can moderate the impact of violent scenes on children. Adult explanation improves childrens understanding of plots, characters, and events. Co-viewing with children can provide occasions for parents to discuss values, beliefs, and moral issues. Parents should also set clear guidelines on the time and length of television viewing. Perhaps the most effective approach in dealing with this problem of television violence should be systemic and multilevelchanges must take place at the home, school, and industry levels. Though researches have all pointed to the association between televised violence and aggression in children, what a child learns from television may be a product of the broader relationship among medium, child, and parent Thus, active, responsible parental involvement in the childs television viewing does make a great difference. Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 12 Chapter III Conclusion Television has become a potent agency of socialization because like the family, school, and peers, it directly provides the child with experiences which shape their attitudes and influence their behaviors. Children that are exposed to TV violence can experience negative changes in their behavior. First, it can teach aggressive styles of conduct. Second, it weakens restraints against aggression by glamorizing violence. Third, it habituates and desensitizes reactions to cruelty. And finally, it shapes our images of reality. In order to handle this, a number of bills were filed to mitigate the negative effects of televised violence. Parents can also encourage their children to find pleasure in other mass media, such as books and newspapers. Perhaps the most appropriate solution in dealing with this must take place at home, school and industry. Thus, active, responsible parental guidance is very necessary. The power to initiate change for the prevention of the harmful effects of TV violence should come from the market not a market that passively laps up unhealthy and disturbing programs that assault young, sensitive minds, but a market that is critical, enlightened, and imbued with a strong resolve to protect childrens well-being and right to wholesome entertainment. Influence of TV Violence to Children’s Behavior; 13 Chapter 1V Bibliography Books Lucas, Maria Rita and Corpuz, Brenda. Facilitating Learning: A Metacognitive Process. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc. , 2007. Stark, Rodney.

Imperialism in the middle east Essays -- essays research papers

http://college.hmco.com/history/west/mckay/western_society/7e/students/outlines/ch26.html Western penetration of Egypt Muhammad Ali built a modern state in Turkish held Egypt that attracted European traders. He drafted the peasants, reformed the government, and improved communications. The peasants lost out because the land was converted from self-sufficient farms to large, private landholdings to grow cash crops for export. Ismail continued the modernization of Egypt, including the completion of the Suez Canal, but also drew the country deeply into debt. To prevent Egypt from going bankrupt, Britain and France intervened politically. Foreign financial control provoked a violent nationalistic reaction in Egypt that led to British occupation of the country until 1956. Natural Resources Beginning in the 1800s, imperialism was also practiced in the Middle East. The prime attraction for most European nations was the presence of vast oil fields. The machinery produced as a result of the Industrial Revolution required oil to keep numerous moving parts lubricated. As the internal combustion engine became more popular around 1900, oil was also needed as a fuel. Strategic Location Strategy also played a major role in the European conquest of the Middle East through imperialism. Two areas that Europe paid particular attention to were the Suez Canal and Palestine. Suez Canal The French originally set out to build the Suez Canal in 1859. However, Britain soon became jealous because of the potential impact the shortcut between the Mediterranean and Red Seas could have on trade with its Indian colony. In 1875, the British wrested financial control of the Suez Canal away from the French, and eventually made all of Egypt a protectorate in 1882. Palestine After WWI, the newly formed League of Nations gave Great Britain a mandate over Palestine. Palestine's location on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea seemed like a great prize to the British, but problems soon erupted. It became clear that both Arabs and Jews claimed the region as a homeland. Ambiguous British foreign policy heightened tensions between the two groups as each was given a conflicting promise . For their support in WWI, Britain promised Arabs independence. Later however, in the Balfour Declaration, Britain promised to establish a national homeland for the Jews. After WWII, Palestine would b... ...English to build railroads. Increased export of cotton. Egypt = drawn increasingly into the world market. Khedive became westernized, commissioned Aida from Verdi. --But all this cost $, borrowed mostly from England or France. Egypt = soon in financial trouble, temporarily relieved by selling Canal shares to England. Khedive = abdicated, replaced by a Western puppet. Nationalists rebelled, and in a pattern repe ated throughout colonial world, opposed both foreigners and government, the government for aiding foreign interest. Resistance = defeated by British, who stayed there until after WWII. Egypt = thus a British protectorate. Khedive = protected by the Britis h, who helped the Egyptian economy. --French objected strongly to British presence in Near East, for French had by far the greatest investment there. To compensate for British gains, French built a N. African empire in Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco. GBr and Germany in turn objected to Frenc h growth. Fertile grounds for WWI. --Young Turks took control of government in 1908, forced restoration of constitution, introduced many reforms. Bulgaria announced full independence, and Austria annexed Bosnia. Italy took Libya, 1912.

What influenced Georgian style and its features?

What influenced Georgian manner and its characteristics?ContentIntroduction( page 3 )Early Georgian manner: Influence of classicalism( page 3 )Early Georgian manner: Influence of Palladinism( page 4 )Early Georgian manner: Examples( page 5 )James Stuart ( page 5 )Sir William Chambers ( pages 5-6 )Robert Adam ( page 6 )Late Georgian manner( page 7 )Henry Holland ( page 7 )Features of Georgian manner( page 8 )Landscape ( page 8 )Architecture ( pages 8-9 )Interior design and cosmetic humanistic disciplines ( page 9 )Decision( page 9 )Bibliography( page 10 )What influenced Georgian Style and its characteristics?Introduction Georgian manner is a manner in the architecture, interior design, and cosmetic humanistic disciplines of Britain during the 17Thursdayand 18Thursdaycenturies. The term â€Å"Georgian† gets its name from four male monarchs of England who reigned in Britain from 1714-1830. All of them were named George. ( DesignIntuit,2001) Although the George did non hold an impact on the manner, they perpetuated a motion that is different from the popular Italian and Gallic Baroque manner. â€Å"Georgian is a term normally associated in the popular head with refined furniture, elegant apparels, edifices of delusory simpleness, classical music, decorous prose, and state houses set in delighting parks.† ( Georgian Housestyle, Ingrid Cranfield ) . In kernel, Georgian is non a manner by itself, but an epoch during that many developments and alterations happened in both architecture and interior design. ( Worldguide,2015) Early Georgian manner: Influence of classicalism Each designer or interior decorator has his ain thoughts and single attack. However, all of them had something common: they were to a great extent influenced by elements of ancient Rome and Greece. In other words, they were driven by the same motivated thought: to animate the antique classical universe. Classicism was considered as godlike: it reproduced the edifice blocks of God’s creative activity and the agreements of nature. Furthermore, this ( Georgian ) period is defined as â€Å"an epoch of refined neoclassical trends† . ( Worldguide,2015) As it was mentioned earlier, the Georgian manner was extremely influenced by classicalism. Young British blue bloods ( including designers, interior decorators and furniture shapers ) in the 17Thursdayand 18Thursdaycenturies took the â€Å"Grand Tour† of European states. These â€Å"Grand Tours† made the influential categories follow classical traditions of architecture and design. However, the Baroque used classical ornamentation and decor in a really unfastened ended manner. ( David Ross,2015) However, the British employed these motives in an inflexible and unagitated manner. ( Worldguide,2015) If Baroque is excessively much, Georgian classicalism is a grace. Early Georgian manner: Influence of Palladinism Besides classicalism, there was another manner that had a really strong impact on the Georgian manner. It is a Palladinism, â€Å"a doctrine of design based on the Hagiographas and work of Andreas Palladio† . ( David Ross,2015) He is an Italian designer of the 16Thursdaycentury who recreated the design and proportions of the edifices of antique Rome. ( Worldguide,2015) Famous English designer Inigo Jones brought the Georgian manner to Britain in the 17Thursdaycentury. ( Worldguide,2015) Palladinism was a important factor in the early Georgian manner. There was a proportion-based Palladian school of design that dominated British architecture from the mid-1720s to the early 1750s. It was rich and graceful, and there were Roman temple frontages and pillars. In add-on, a mathematical expression was used for a building’s proportion. However, after 1750 ( Dan Cruickshank,2011) or from around 1760 ( Worldguide,2015) , English designers James Stuart, Sir William Chambers and Scottish architect Robert Adam were exposed to a clearer manner of classicalism around Britain. They were inspired by the archeological finds at Pompei and Herculanium. This new information about Greek and Roman architecture brought about a neoclassical revolution in gustatory sensation. This emphasises on neoclassicism that became more widespread for design for the continuance of the mid-Georgian period, which was until 1800 ( Dan Cruickshank,2011) . Early Georgian manner: Examples James Stuart One of the best illustrations of neoclassicism is James Stuart ( 1713-1788 ) . He went on assorted â€Å"Grand Tours† of many European metropoliss like other designers at that clip. While he was analyzing in Greece, his work was necessarily influenced by clear Grecian motives. Due to these surveies, he got the moniker â€Å"Athenian† Stuart. In add-on, he published â€Å"Antiquities of Athens† in separate books from 1762. ( Worldguide,2015) On the image below shows an illustration of his work: ( St James’s Square, London ) Sir William Chambers Sir William Chambers ( 1723-1796 ) is one of the designers stand foring the mid-Georgian period. He was born in Sweden to Scottish parents. His architectural practise was in London in the 1750s. Furthermore, Sir William spent clip in China, which gives an account why his neoclassicism was assorted with Chinese touches and elements. The name of the technique is known as chinoiserie, and it enjoyed modest popularity in Britain that clip. He besides showed Greek and Roman features of Gallic neoclassicism. ( Worldguide,2015) ( Chinese Pagoda in Kew Gardens, London and Somerset House, London ) Robert Adam One more illustration is Robert Adam ( 1728-1992 ) . He was born in Fife, Scotland. He worked with his brother James on a manner airier than the Palladian, utilizing Egyptian and Gothic motives with Roman ornaments. His graphicss were symmetrical but non every bit much as Palladian proportions. Furthermore, he was known to demo motives as â€Å"ribbons, garlands, sphinx and gryphons, ellipses and hexagons etc† . This manner was celebrated as the Adam manner. ( Worldguide,2015) ( Syon House, West London ) Late Georgian manner Late Georgian manner is known as Regency and was popular during the reign of the British Prince Regent from 1811 to 1820. ( The Editors of Britannica,2015and Worldguide,2015) Actually, the Regency manner recollected neoclassical elements, but it was opened more to Greek, Egyptian, Asian and French influences than it was earlier. This manner is much heavier in ornamentation than earlier Georgian manners, and edifice frontages were frequently covered with stucco plaster than noticeable brick. Furthermore, insides were more unfastened and light, and Windowss became larger. In my personal sentiment, the Regency manner ( Late Georgian manner ) is kindred to a span between early Georgian design and nearing Victorian epoch. Henry Holland For case, Henry Holland ( 1745-1806 ) was the most prima designer of the late Georgian period. ( Worldguide,2015) Holland’s designs was influenced by Roman, Greek and Egyptian signifiers and the Empire manners of late 18Thursdaycentury France every bit good. His manner is simpler and more academic. ( Sloane Street and Sloane Square, West London ) Features of Georgian manner Landscape There are many features specifying the Georgian period. One of the chief characteristics is patio. The 18Thursdaycentury ( David Ross,2015) was a clip of great success of urban developments. Houses had a public and private map. Unfortunately, it meant that there was a demand to set a batch of houses into a little infinite. It lead to the creative activity of the patio. The patio allowed a whole street to hold a sense of architectural completeness, besides maintaining little sizes of houses. Patios used to take a few signifiers ; typically laid out in consecutive lines or in quadrilaterals around a cardinal garden country, or in curves or egg-shaped â€Å"circuses† . In add-on, these developments gave birth of the townhouses – practical lodging built in drawn-out, well-ordered patios, which made boulevard expression like orderly architectural elements. ( Worldguide,2015) These townhouses were normally four degrees in tallness and made of brick. However, during that period ( 18Thursdaycentury ) the rich were progressively wealthier and as a consequence, they began puting money into their families. Affluent landlords used their immense land to make designed Parkss, and those Parkss were called â€Å"country houses† . ( David Ross,2015) These estates were full of reproductions of classical temples and extra architectural pieces: grottoes, Bridgess, and that group of fragments called â€Å"follies† . Basically, these Parkss carried on the classical doctrine. Architecture Furthermore, there are other common architectural elements, such as symmetrical signifier, classical entrywaies, glass transoms, big quadrilateral suites, sash Windowss, immense exterior symmetrical staircases, internal hall staircase, pediment door and geometric ornaments. ( DesignIntuit,2001) Shape is a chief important characteristic of this manner. The square is â€Å"prominent† ( DesignIntuit, 2001 ) , and forms are classical. The foundation of Georgian proportion was normally geometrical, with the cardinal block of the edifice â€Å"often augmented by dashs and wings† ( Wentworthstudio,2015) Homes were merely symmetrical. There was non normally an even figure of Windowss ( five across for house ) . This did non let dissymmetry around the in-between window of the edifice. Sash Windowss –â€Å"panes divided by wooden bars† ( Worldguide,2015) – were common. In add-on, Windowss were four-sided ( DesignIntuit,2001) and had the same breadth ( Worldguide,2015) . However, their tallness was assorted from the first floor to the last 1. Second floor Windowss were the tallest 1s, while land floor and 3rd floor Windowss were shorter, and the Windowss on the top were about quadrilateral. Every Georgian house door is groundwork and supported by memorials. ( DesignIntuit,2001) There was a window on the top of the door, and it was separated by a construction called a fanlight. ( Worldguide,2015) There was typically a hip roof, sometimes with dormers. It was really popular with Christopher Wren. Furthermore, a more asymmetrical gable roof would be inappropriate at all. ( Wentworthstudio,2015) Interior design and cosmetic humanistic disciplines In the Georgian period, there was a important rise in popularity with respects to interior ornament. ( Britannica,2015) When you look at Georgian insides, think about those architectural elements that are inside – big furnace and room accesss, and well-balanced proportioned suites. In add-on to architecture and interior design, there were great accomplishments in the cosmetic humanistic disciplines. For case, furniture design met many manners and attacks, runing from the classical influence, to the consecutive and simple lines etc. Decision Sadly, that period could non last. Victorian morality transformed architecture and other designs because their thought was about following Gothic manner as a national one due to the fact that it was a native design for the Great Christian Empire of Britain. ( Dan Cruickshank,2011) To sum up, the Georgian period, particularly architecture left many chef-d'oeuvres and a fluctuation of manners and thoughts. Furthermore, the metropoliss and urban quarters created that clip ( Bath and Bloomsbury in London ) are still theoretical accounts of comfy urban life.Bibliographyâ€Å"Georgian Style† , David Ross, 2015 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britainexpress.com/architecture/georgian.htm)â€Å"The Georgian Style of British Colonial Annapolis† , DesignIntuit, 2001(hypertext transfer protocol: //www.designintuit.com/issue0002/focus/ghistory.html)â€Å"The Georgian Era of Great Britain† , Worldguide, 2015 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.worldguide.eu/wg/index.php? StoryID=148 & A ; ArticleID=21368 )â€Å"Georgian architecture: a classical re-education† , Dan Cruickshank, 2011 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/sep/11/georgian-architecture-british )â€Å"Historic manners: Georgian style† , We ntworthstudio, 2015 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wentworthstudio.com/historic-styles/georgian/ )â€Å"Georgian architecture† , Britannica, 2015 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/230322/Georgian-style )1

Impact of Cross-Cultural Differences on Different...

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Resent happiness research substantiat es the claim that happiness is the creation of balance between internal and external forces. Therefore, happiness can be universally defined as the maintenance of a skillful balance between accepting what is, and believing in the potential for improvement. One of the prevailing universal themes of happiness is the ability to be anchored somehow in the present. For some, the anchor is ironically in pain, internal or external or both. In Iceland, Weiner finds that the intellectual curiosityShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Shopping Experience on Cross Cultural Receptiveness in China1103 Words   |  5 PagesEffect of shopping experience On cross-cultural receptiveness in Chinese School of Business, Sun-Yat Sen University, Guangzhou Introduction Nowadays under the trend of globalization, like every other aspect in marketing changed in our life, more and more products are added some cross-culture mixing elements. 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